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Reports
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1.
National Bio- and Agro- Defense Facility: Issues for Congress. September 2007.
- This report looks at the proposed National Bio- and Agro-Defense research facility under the direction of the Department of Homeland Security. This new facility is intended to replace an existing facility, the Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), which, according to DHS, is outdated. The need for counterterrorism methods and responses in protecting the agricultural infrastructure has increased, due to the potential of a terrorist attack using biological or zoonotic pathogens. The report focuses on the safety and security issues regarding the research that will be conducted at the new facility.
Source: Congressional Research Service (CRS), United States (All by Source).
See Also -
Public Health
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2.
Agroterrorism: Threats and Preparedness. March 2007.
- This Congressional Research Service (CRS) report discusses agriculture as a target, federal recognition of agroterrorism threats, possible pathogens in an agroterrorist attack, countering the threat, and issues for Congress.
Source: Congressional Research Service (CRS), United States (All by Source). Report Number: RL32521.
See Also -
Biological Terrorism, Weapons, Security and Defense :
Food Safety
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3.
Review of Customs and Border Protection's Agriculture Inspection Activities. February 2007.
- This report is “one of a series of audit, inspection, and special reports prepared as part of” the Department of Homeland Security's “oversight responsibilities to promote economy, efficiency, and effectiveness within the department. This review assessed how well U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) communicated and cooperated with USDA on issues relating to agriculture inspection policies and procedures; complied with established procedures for agriculture inspections of passengers and cargo; and accurately tracked agriculture inspection activities.”
Source: Department of Agriculture, United States (All by Source | Source Website)/Department of Homeland Security, United States (All by Source | Source Website). Report Number: OIG-07-32.
See Also -
Biological Terrorism, Weapons, Security and Defense :
Food Safety :
Public Health
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4.
Agroterrorism: Threats and Preparedness. August 2006.
- "The potential of terrorist attacks against agricultural targets (agroterrorism) is increasingly recognized as a national security threat, especially after the events of September 11, 2001. Agroterrorism is a subset of bioterrorism, and is defined as the deliberate introduction of an animal or plant disease with the goal of generating fear,causing economic losses, and/or undermining social stability."
Source: Congressional Research Service (CRS), United States (All by Source). Report Number: RL32521.
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5.
Defining Law Enforcement's Role in Protecting American Agriculture from Agroterrorism. June 2005.
- The report claims that law enforcement's role in protecting against agroterrorism should be preventative. The most likely culprits would be "international terrorists, domestic terrorists, militant animal rights groups, economic opportunists, and disgruntled employees." Foot-and-mouth disease is shown to be the most plausible and potentially harmful means to launch an agroterrorist attack.
Source: National Criminal Justice Reference Service (All by Source | Source Website).
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6.
Evaluating the Threat of Agro-Terrorism. May 2005.
- This hearing discusses "our food supply and the possibilities of agro-terrorism."
Source: Subcommittee on Intelligence, Information Sharing, and Terrorism Risk Assessment, Committee on Homeland Security, U.S. House (All by Source). Report Number: 109-16.
See Also -
Proceedings - Congressional Hearings, Conferences, Seminars, Workshops, etc.
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7.
Homeland Security: Much is Being Done to Protect Agriculture from a Terrorist Attack, but Important Challenges Remain. March 2005.
- This GAO report discusses "(1) the federal agencies' roles and responsibilities to protect against agroterrorism, (2) the steps that the agencies have taken to manage the risks of agroterrorism, and (3) the challenges and problems that remain."
Source: Government Accountability Office (All by Source | Source Website). Report Number: GAO-05-214. Large File: 3.2+ Mb.
See Also -
Homeland Security
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8.
Critical Needs for Research in Veterinary Science. 2005.
- "This report, prepared by the National Research Council of The National Academies, identifies questions and issues that veterinary research can help to address, and discusses the scientific expertise and infrastructure needed to meet the most critical research needs." One research need in particular is "the development of measures to secure and protect the nation's food supply and farm-animal economy from a potential act of bioterrorism."
Source: National Academies (All by Source | Source Website).
See Also -
Biological Terrorism, Weapons, Security and Defense
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9.
Homeland Security and the Private Sector. December 2004.
- This Congressional Budget Office (CBO) report discusses "issues surrounding enhanced security efforts by private industry. For several important industries, it describes the vulnerabilities and potential losses--to both the private sector and the nation as a whole--that would underlie the expected costs of terrorist attacks and, hence, the broader benefits of society. This paper also reviews the incentives for private actions to limit vulnerabilities and losses for those industries and the existing government programs that address those incentives."
Source: Congressional Budget Office, United States (All by Source | Source Website). Large File: 1.2+ Mb.
See Also -
Biological Terrorism, Weapons, Security and Defense :
Homeland Security
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10.
Multi-State Initiatives: Agriculture Security Preparedness. June 2004.
- This thesis, by Ellen M. Gordon, "argues multi-state partnerships are critical to defeating [agro-terrorism] as well as providing a robust response to an attack."
Source: Naval Postgraduate School (All by Source | Source Website).
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11.
Office of Science and Technology Policy Blue Ribbon Panel on the Threat of Biological Terrorism Directed Against Livestock. April 2004.
- "These conference proceedings assess the potential use of biological terrorism
directed against U.S. agricultural livestock and lay out the parameters of a future
federal defense research and development (R&D) agenda that prioritizes steps
needed to safeguard industries associated with this sector. The report is derived from a two-day workshop that was held in Washington, D.C., on December 8–9, 2003 and which was funded by the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) in the Executive Office of the President…This document contains all the papers that were presented at the conference in
addition to the narratives and recommendations of four individual breakout groups: Cross-Jurisdictional Surveillance and Information Technology (IT); Infectious Disease Epidemiology; Vaccination and Protection Technologies; and
Detection, Diagnostics, and Forensics Capabilities…The report also includes an introductory discussion of the wider threat environment pertaining to agro-terrorism and summation of the main policy recommendations that were extrapolated from the two-day meeting."
Source: RAND (All by Source | Source Website). Report Number: CF-193-OSTP.
See Also -
Biological Terrorism, Weapons, Security and Defense
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12.
Hitting America's Soft Underbelly: The Potential Threat of Deliberate Biological Attacks Against the U.S. Agricultural and Food Industry. March 2004.
- "This study aims to expand the current debate on domestic homeland security by assessing the vulnerabilities of the agricultural sector and the food chain to a deliberate act of biological terrorism and exploring the likely outcomes of a successful attack."
Source: RAND (All by Source | Source Website).
See Also -
Biological Terrorism, Weapons, Security and Defense :
Food Safety
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13.
Homeland Security Presidential Directive 9: Defense of United States Agriculture and Food. January 2004.
- This Presidential Directive establishes a national policy to defend the agriculture and food system against terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies.
Source: White House, United States (All by Source | Source Website).
See Also -
Food Safety :
Homeland Security :
Presidential Decision Directives
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14.
Agroterrorism: The Threat to America's Bread Basket. November 2003.
- This hearing before the Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs discusses "the vulnerability of America's agriculture and food industry to terrorist attacks, what our Nation must do to defend against agroterrorism, and how prepared we are to respond to such an attack."
Source: Committee on Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate (All by Source | Source Website). Report Number: S. Hrg. 108-491. Large File: 5.3+ Mb.
See Also -
Proceedings - Congressional Hearings, Conferences, Seminars, Workshops, etc.
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15.
Bioterrorism: A Threat to Agriculture and the Food Supply. November 2003.
- This statement, by Lawrence J. Dyckman, Director Natural Resources and Environment, discusses the potential vulnerabilities of the food supply and agriculture sector to deliberate contamination and summarizes four recent GAO reports identifying a range of problems with federal oversight.
Source: Government Accountability Office (All by Source | Source Website). Report Number: GAO-04-259T.
See Also -
Biological Terrorism, Weapons, Security and Defense :
Food Safety
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16.
Biosecurity Reference: CFR-Listed Agent and Toxin Summaries. September 2003.
- "This reference document provides summary information on the animal, plant, zoonotic, and human pathogens and toxins regulated and categorized by 9 CFR 331 and 7 CFR 121, 'Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002; Possession, Use and Transfer of Biological Agents and Toxins,' and 42 CFR 73, 'Possession, Use, and Transfer of Select Agents and Toxins.' Summary information includes, at a minimum, a description of the agent and its associated symptoms; often additional information is provided on the diagnosis, treatment, geographic distribution, transmission, control and eradication, and impacts on public health."
Source: Sandia National Laboratories (All by Source | Source Website). Report Number: SAND2003-3080. Large File: 1.6+ Mb.
See Also -
Biological Terrorism, Weapons, Security and Defense :
First Responders :
Public Health
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17.
Food and Drug Administration's Strategic Action Plan - Protecting and Advancing America's Health: Responding to New Challenges and Opportunities. August 2003.
- This report is a "roadmap for how [the Food and Drug Administration is] meeting the new public health challenges that [the Food and Drug Administration faces], and how [the FDA is] helping to bring new 21st century knowledge about medicines and foods to the greatest number of people who can safely benefit from them."
Source: Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (All by Source | Source Website).
See Also -
Biological Terrorism, Weapons, Security and Defense :
Food Safety :
Public Health
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18.
Ensuring the Safety and Security of the Nation's Food Supply. July 2003.
- This report, submitted by FDA Commissioner Mark D. McClellan to Secretary Thompson, highlights the department's progress in making the food supply safer and more secure, in 10 critical focus areas.
Source: Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (All by Source | Source Website).
See Also -
Biological Terrorism, Weapons, Security and Defense :
Food Safety :
Public Health
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19.
Homeland Insecurity: Building the Expertise to Defend America from Bioterrorism. July 2003.
- This report by the Partnership for Public Service (www.ourpublicservice.org), a nonpartisan, nonprofit organization dedicated to excellence in civil service, describes the declining number of biodefense experts in the U.S. government. With many retirements and insufficient recruitment efforts, the shrinking number of federal geneticists, infectious disease specialists, and epidemiologists makes the nation more vulnerable to a biological attack. The report also discusses agricultural terrorism, the October 2001 anthrax attacks, and lessons from Dark Winter, a bioterrorism exercise cosponsored by MIPT.
Source: Partnership for Public Service (All by Source | Source Website).
See Also -
Anthrax :
Biological Terrorism, Weapons, Security and Defense :
Food Safety :
Homeland Security :
Lessons Learned :
Public Health :
Smallpox
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20.
Crop Biosecurity: Are We Prepared? May 2003.
- This report, from the Public Policy Board of the American Phytopathological Society (APS), discusses crop biosecurity and provides a list of recommendations.
Source: American Phytopathological Society (All by Source | Source Website).
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